Chapter 8 - Operating Systems and Utility Programs . This chapter defines system software and discusses. You learn. what an operating system is and explore user interfaces, operating systems. A variety of popular operating systems. DOS, Windows 3. x, Windows 9. Windows 9. 8, Windows 2. Windows XP, Windows CE, the Mac OS, OS/2, UNIX, Linux, and Net. Ware. You discover. Application software consists of. Web browser. System software consists of the. The two. types of system software are operating systems and utility programs. An operating. system (OS) is a set of programs containing instructions that. Aspen National Collections is a national debt collection agency with specialized expertise in consumer debt collections for companies involved in timeshare or vacation ownership resorts, educational loans, utility cooperatives. This section discusses various utility programs included with Gaussian 09. The utilities are discussed in alphabetical order within this chapter. Most utilities are available for both UNIX and Windows. Here is a utility that helps you unassociate a file type quickly in your Windows Vista or Windows 7 computer without the need to edit the registry manually. Windows 7 & Vista do not provide a GUI option to unassociate file.Utility software is system software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize or maintain a computer. Utility software, along with operating system software, is a type of system software used to support the computer. Z/OS Utility Programs MVS Utilities Please! Verify all details or suggestions with the appropriate vendor and / or vendor's manuals. IBM mainframe utility programs are Utility software supplied with IBM mainframe operating systems such as MVS to carry out various tasks associated with datasets, etc. The following list describes utilities distributed with OS. Many times, utility assistance is available to those who qualify for other welfare benefits. The utility and energy assistance programs can help offset the amount of out-of-pocket energy costs. It might not be the most widely-used setup for post-production, but Canon’s Digital Photo Professional and EOS Utility programs offer a solid option for anyone looking to organize, process and export their RAW photography A utility. program performs a specific task, usually related to managing a computer. Back to Top Booting. When you turn on the. The processor chip resets itself and looks for the ROM chip that. BIOS (basic input/output system), which is firmware. The BIOS executes the power- on self test. POST) to make sure hardware is connected properly and operating. The POST results are compared with data in a CMOS chip on the. If the POST completes successfully, the BIOS searches for specific. Once located, the boot. C) into memory (RAM) and. Next, the kernel of the operating system loads into memory and. The operating system loads configuration. In Windows XP, the registry consists of several file that. When complete, the Windows XP. Start. Upfolder are. Back to Top A user interface. Two types of user interfaces are command- line and graphical. With a command- line. A graphical user interface (GUI) allows you to use. A menu is a set of commands from which you can choose. An. icon is a small image that represents a program, an instruction, a file. Back to Top Most operating systems. Web, monitoring performance. Managing programs. A single user/single tasking. A multitasking. operating system allows a single user to work on two or more applications that. A multi- user operating system enables. A multiprocessing. CPUs running programs at the same. Managing memory involves assigning items to an area of memory while they. The purpose of memory management is to optimize use. RAM). With virtual memory (VM), the. RAM. Scheduling jobs. Spooling. increases efficiency by placing print jobs in a buffer (an area of memory. Configuring devices establishes. A device driver is a. Monitoring performance helps to identify and solve system. A performance. monitor is a program that assesses and reports information about various. Providing housekeeping services entails performing. A file manager performs such. Administering. security involves establishing user accounts on a network. Each account. typically requires a user name and a password to log on, or. Back to Top A stand- alone operating. A network operating system (also called network OS or NOS). A network is a collection. In some networks, the server. The other computers on the network. Back to Top Stand- alone operating. DOS, Windows 3. x, Windows 9. Windows NT Workstation, Windows. Windows 2. 00. 0 Professional, Windows Millennium Edition, Windows XP Home. Edition, Windows XP Professional Edition, Mac OS, OS/2 Warp Client, UNIX, and. Linux. UNIX and Linux also function as network operating systems. DOS. (Disk Operating System) refers to several single user, command- line and. Windows 3. x refers to early operating environments. DOS and simplify its use. Windows 9. 5 is a true. Windows NTWorkstation is a client. Windows NT Server. Developed as an. upgrade to Windows 9. Windows 9. 8 operating system is easier to use. Internet. Windows 9. Microsoft Internet. Explorer, a popular Web browser, Windows Explorer, a file manager. Active Desktop. Windows. Professional is a complete, reliable multitasking client operating. Windows. Millennium Edition is an operating system that has features specifically for. Windows XP is Microsoft’s fastest, most reliable Windows. Windows XP Home Edition is an upgrade to Windows. Millennium Edition, while Windows XP Professional Edition is an upgrade. Windows 2. 00. 0 Professional. The Mac OS. the latest version of the Macintosh operating system (the first. Apple computers. OS/2. Warp Client is. IBM’s GUI multitasking client operating system that supports networking, Java. Internet, and speech recognition. Back to Top Network operating systems include Net. Ware. Windows NT Server, Windows 2. Server, Windows . NET Server, OS/2 Warp Server. E- business, UNIX, Linux, and Solaris. Novell’s Net. Ware is a. Windows. NT Server is the operating system used by servers in the Windows NT. The Windows 2. 00. Server family. consists of three products: Windows 2. Server (for the typical business. Windows 2. 00. 0 Advanced Server (for e- commerce applications), and. Windows 2. 00. 0 Database server (for demanding, large- scale applications). The Windows . NET. Server family includes four products: Windows . NET Standard Server. Windows . NET. Enterprise Server (for medium- to large- sized businesses, including those. Windows . NET Datacenter (for business with. Windows . NET Web. Server (for Web server and Web hosting businesses). OS/2 Warp. Server for E- business is. IBM’s network operating system designed for all sizes of business. UNIX. is a multitasking, command- line operating system implemented on many different. Because it is both a stand- alone operating system and a. UNIX a multipurpose operating system. Popular embedded operating systems include. Windows CE, Pocket PC OS, and Palm OS. Windows CE is a. scaled- down Windows operating system designed for use on wireless communications. Web- enabled devices. Pocket PC OS is a scaled- down operating system. Microsoft that works on a specific type of handheld computer. Pocket PC. A file viewer is a utility that. A file compression. A diagnostic utility compiles. An uninstaller. is a utility that removes an application, as well as any associated entries in. A disk scanner is a utility that (1) detects and. A disk. defragmenter is a utility that reorganizes files and unused space on a. A backup utility copies, or backs up, selected files or an entire. A screen saver is a utility that. Back to Top. Here you will find additional. Compare this information to what may be provided in a traditional. Of the total number of corporate dollars. Typically, different sizes of computers use different operating. The operating system that a computer uses sometimes is called the software. Application software packages often require a. A cross- platform application, however, is one. Back to Top When you turn on a. Your typically can perform a warm boot by pressing a. Windows, ctrl+alt+del). Reset button on the computer. If you watch the screen closely as. POST is conducted, the value for the total amount of memory can be seen to. If the POST results do not match. CMOS chip, an appropriate message should appear. The boot. program typically is the first side, first track, and first sector of the hard. When you install an operating system, one of the installation steps. Back to Top You can interact with an. An operating system is intended to be transparent; that. The operating. system with which an application program will work is specified on the. The application programs you want to use should. A graphical user interface is. With a command- line interface, you might type del followed by. Therefore, you must remember the command, type. On the other hand, with a GUI you need. Delete command on a menu or the Delete button on a toolbar. Although most people. GUI the easiest interface to use, some long- time computer virtuosos still. Back to Top Early operating systems. Multitasking can be cooperative, in which programs switch when. Early versions of Windows used. Windows 9. 5 and subsequent versions use preemptive. Upon termination, most programs relinquish their space in memory. Some programs, however, stay. As a class, these programs are called TSR. Terminate and Stay Resident) programs. Virtual memory is employed with. Paging, or the technique of swapping items between. MB of memory. All printers have buffers, and printer manufacturers are. DRAM. The term spooling comes from the observation that. Today, adding and configuring. Plug and Play, which means. A feature of Windows 9. Plug and Play initially was greeted with mixed. In fact, some wags claimed the new technology was more accurately. Plug and Pray.”Processor utilization – the. In addition to the programs that come with most. Formatting a disk is the process of preparing it for reading and. Today, most floppy and hard disks are preformatted by the manufacturer. Therefore, if you accidentally format a disk, often you can unformat it. System security usually is most important for large. For single- user PCs, adequate system security can be a key. Back to Top Many early operating. Device- dependent operating. Proprietary software is. Today, the. trend is towards device- independent operating systems that run on many. Software that is not proprietary (i. When an. operating system is proprietary, usually it is to boost hardware sales. Operating systems for Apple. Steve Wozniak. cofounder of Apple Computers, believes the decision to make its innovative. Macintosh operating system proprietary was one of the company’s greatest. Although developed for IBM, Microsoft retained the. An application written for. DOS, however, will work with any other variation. A number follows. PC- DOS or MS- DOS. The integer portion of the number indicates a. Thus, MS- DOS 6. 2. To a great extent, the. DOS was a result of the large number of applications written to. Windows 1. 0, released in 1. Microsoft’s first attempt with a graphical user interface. It was not until. Windows 3. 0, that computer users. Windows seriously. Windows required 2 MB of memory (with 4 MB. PCs. Nevertheless, because Windows 3. DOS. eventually most software was written, and many popular DOS programs were. Windows. Despite the advantages of Windows. DOS and Windows 3. When. asked how likely they were to adopt Windows 9. Why are people often reluctant to. The inclusion of Internet Explorer. Windows 9. 8 operating system led to an antitrust suit against Microsoft. Microsoft maintained that the addition simply was an enhancement to.
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